China Beijing Silk Road Enterprise Management Services Co.,LTD Company Cases

The biggest characteristic of Wuzhen is not the characteristics of the buildings, but the overall style of the town. Therefore, in the process of protection and development, "in order to protect the overall appearance of the ancient town, residents are forbidden to do business". Residents in the scenic spot are required to move out of the town, and more than 80% of the houses are directly managed by the government and rented after unified renovation. This measure has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are that it is easier for the government to control and the interests of the company can be guaranteed. It also solves the "contradiction between the life of the original residents and the protection of ancient buildings", protects the appearance of the ancient town, avoids the decline in the quality of cultural experience brought by the commercial development of the ancient town, and benefits the local finance. The disadvantage is that it lacks a strong life atmosphere of original residents, and it is more like a scenic spot without indigenous people. In order to increase passenger flow, Wuzhen also actively carry out capital operation, in a variety of ways, such as in 2007, Zhongqing Holding Co., Ltd. invested 355 million into Tongxiang Wuzhen Tourism Development Co., LTD., began to build a new Wuzhen, and occupy 60% of the shares, This not only effectively solves the problem of shortage of funds needed for the protection and tourism development of the ancient town, but also works together with China Youth Travel Service, which has a complete travel agency business system, which is of great significance to the marketing publicity and tourist organization of Wuzhen.

On the afternoon of August 15, 2014, Guo Zhan, Vice Chairman of the International Council on Monuments and Sites and vice Chairman and Secretary general of the China Association for the Protection of Monuments and Sites, visited Jinsha Forum and gave a lecture on the Status Quo and Thinking of World Cultural Heritage in Jinsha Theater of Jinsha Site Museum. Guo Zhan said in her speech: The Silk Road is praised by UNESCO as "the Road of exchange and dialogue between Eastern and Western civilizations", and its starting point is undoubtedly Chang 'an. The change of the name of the joint application of China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan from the Silk Road "starting section - Tianshan Corridor network" to the Silk Road "Chang 'an - Tianshan Corridor Network" not only emphasizes China's role in initiating the Silk Road, Chang 'an is the starting point of the Silk Road. It also avoids a series of ambiguities and arguments that may arise. Website of The State Council Information Office: From the perspective of the long history and world influence, Chang 'an is the representative of the starting point of the Han and Tang Silk Road. Luoyang can be regarded as an extension of the starting point of Chang 'an. Henan Daily: As the eastern starting point of the Silk Road, Luoyang played an important role in the formation and development of the Silk Road.

On June 22, 2014, at the 38th World Heritage Conference held in Doha, Qatar, it was announced that the eastern section of the ancient Silk Road, "Silk Road: Network of Changan-Tianshan Corridor", which was jointly declared by China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, was successfully declared a World cultural Heritage site, becoming the first transnational cooperation project. At the 38th session of UNESCO's World Heritage Committee held in Doha, Qatar, the Grand Canal Project of China and the Silk Road project jointly declared by China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan were approved for inclusion in the World Heritage List, becoming the 32nd and 33rd World cultural Heritage sites in China. Among them, the Silk Road is China's first international joint application for World Heritage status.

There are two routes out of the Western regions from Yumen Pass and Yangguan: Shanshan to the north, Po River to the west, to Shache is the south road, the south road beyond the west of the green Mountain leads to Dayue and Benji. From Chishi Qianwangting (today's Turpan), followed the North Mountain, Po River west to Shule (today's Kashgar) for the north road. In the west of North Road, the road leads out of Tai Wan, Hong Kok and Amai Tsai (between the Black Sea and the Aral Sea). The north road had two important branches: one was the southwest journey from Yanqi through the Taklimakan Desert to Khotan in the South Road; The first was from Qiuci (present Kuqa) westward through Gumo (Aksu), Wenshu (Ushi), Pangbadaling (Beleri pass), through Chigu City (the capital of Usun), westward to Talas. Ming Dynasty "Silk Road Landscape Map" partial Ming Dynasty "Silk Road Landscape Map" partial Due to the bad conditions, the road is difficult as the two roads run through the great deserts of Baeklongdui, Harashun and Taklimakan. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, another road was opened in the north of the North Road, which became an important passageway in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It was called the New North Road. The original Hanbuk-do was renamed Jung-do. New line, north by northwest of dunhuang, the I (hami), pu (now) barkol lake sea, al-mu 'miniya (jimusar), luntai springs (half), bow around (HuoCheng), 砕 leaf (trafigura, g) to but Ross. The western section.

The formation of the grassland Silk Road is closely related to the natural ecological environment. In the geographical context of the whole Eurasian continent, communication between East and West is extremely difficult. Environmental archaeological data show that Eurasia was only conducive to human east-west transportation in the mid-latitudes between 40 and 50 degrees north latitude, and this region was the site of the steppe Silk Road. This is the core area where nomadic culture and farming culture intersect, and it is an important link point of the grassland Silk Road. For the grassland Silk Road, the demand for Commodity Exchange originated from the division of labor between agriculture and animal husbandry in primitive society. The dryland agricultural areas in Central Plains were mainly agricultural, rich in grain, hemp, silk and handmade products, while the development of agriculture required a large amount of animal power (cattle, horses, etc.). Northern grassland area is mainly based on animal husbandry, rich in cattle, horses, sheep and skin, hair, meat, milk and other animal products, and lack of food, textiles, handmade products. This economic relationship between the Central Plains region and the grassland region, with mutual demands and interdependence, is the basic condition for the formation of the grassland Silk Road [50]. Therefore, the grassland Silk Road is also called "fur road" and "Tea Road" because of its characteristics.

Southern land Silk Road is "Shu - body poison road", because through the Hengduan Mountain area, also known as the mountain canyon Silk Road. Around the 4th century BC, when the Central Plains were divided, a silk road was opened between the Shu land (today's western Sichuan Plain) and body Poison. It lasted for more than two centuries and was unknown to the people of the Central Plains, so some people called it the Secret Silk Road. Until Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions, in Daxia found Shu cloth, Qiongzhu staff from the body poison transfer, he reported to the Han Emperor, Yuan Han Emperor sent Zhang Qian through the "Shu - body poison Road" in the first year (122 BC). From Qianwei (today's Yibin) sent people to trace five ways. All the way out Mang (now mau Burma), through the migration (today), three way out, (now hanyuan), four way out Qiong (now xichang), five ways out of the differential (now southwest of yibin). Angel stuck in kunming's,,,, respectively. The Southern Silk Road consists of three roads, namely Ling Kwan Road, Wu Chi Road and Wing Cheong Road. The east and west branches of the Silk Road originated from Chengdu. The east branch ran along the Minjiang River to the Bo Road (modern Yibin), through Shimen Pass, and through Zhuti (modern Zhaotong), Hanyang (modern Hezhang), Wei (modern Qujing), and Dian (modern Kunming) to Yeyu (modern Dali). In the west supported by chengdu via Qiong (now qionglai), yan (now ya),, (now hanyuan), Qiong (now xichang), YanYuan, QingLing (yao), cuny (now xiangyun) to elm leaves, according to the spirit of tao. In the territory of Shan, and divided land, sea two ways to body poison. The Silk Road in Southern China lasted for more than 2,000 years. Especially during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the sea passage in the rear area was cut off. The Burma Road and the China-India Road opened along the southwest Road of the Silk Road were unprecedentically busy in transportation and became the lifeline to support the rear area.

The long scroll of the Ming Dynasty Silk Road is a hand-scroll of Mongolian Landscape Map, which looks like a landscape painting and is actually the Ming Dynasty Silk Road Map, drawn more than 500 years ago. This map shows the westbound road from the Ming Dynasty border pass Jiayuguan to Kuyu City (Suoyang City in Guazhou) and finally to Tianfang (today's Mecca in Saudi Arabia). It accurately describes 211 Ming Dynasty place names, involving more than 10 countries and regions on three continents, Europe, Asia and Africa. This route is exactly the route of the Silk Road in the Ming Dynasty, reflecting the glory of the last period of the Silk Road, which is of great significance for the study of the ancient Silk Road. The map is thus called the "Medieval World Map", also known as the "Ming Dynasty Silk Road Map".

After the opening of the Maritime Silk Road, it was only a supplementary form of the overland Silk Road before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, namely the 6th to 7th centuries AD. However, in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to the continuous wars in the Western Regions, the land Silk Road was blocked by wars, and the maritime Silk Road flourished instead. In the Tang Dynasty, along with the development of shipbuilding and navigation technology, China opened and extended shipping routes to Southeast Asia, the Strait of Malacca, the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea and the African continent. The Maritime Silk Road eventually replaced the land Silk Road and became the main channel for China's foreign exchanges. In the Song Dynasty, shipbuilding technology and navigation technology improved significantly, and the compass was widely used in sea navigation, which greatly strengthened the long-range navigation ability of Chinese merchant ships. The Song Dynasty maintained friendly relations with the southeast coastal countries for most of the time, and Guangzhou became the largest port of overseas trade. The Yuan Dynasty adopted mercantilist policies in the economy and encouraged overseas trade. The countries and regions trading with China expanded to Asia, Africa, Europe and the United States, and formulated the first systematic and strong foreign trade management law in Chinese history. The Maritime Silk Road has also entered its heyday. The maritime Silk Road route of Ming Dynasty has expanded to the whole world and entered the peak period. Zheng He's seven voyages to the West were a large-scale navigation activity organized by the Ming government, which had reached 39 countries and regions in Asia and Africa. It was a forerunner for Da Gama to open up local routes from Europe to India and for Magellan's circumnavigation. The eastbound "Guangzhou-Latin America Route" (1575) set sail from Guangzhou, went to the port of Manilla in the Philippines via Macau, crossed the strait into the Pacific Ocean, and went east to the west coast of Mexico.

The Three Kingdoms of the late Han Dynasty were in the crucial period of the transition from land to sea of the Silk Road and the formation of the maritime Silk Road. Due to the need of fighting with Cao Wei and Liu Shu on the Yangtze River and sea traffic, Sun Wu actively developed the naval army, and the design and manufacture of ships made great progress, with advanced technology and large scale. Other southern regimes behind The Three Kingdoms (Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen) were also in confrontation with the north, which also promoted the development of shipbuilding and navigation technology. The accumulation of navigation experience provided good conditions for the development of the Maritime Silk Road. After Wei and Jin dynasties, the Maritime Silk Road was formed: starting from Guangzhou, passing the east sea of Hainan Island, going straight through the Xisha Islands to the South China Sea states, then passing through the Strait of Malacca, and sailing straight to the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. Foreign trade involved 15 countries and regions, and silk was the main export product.

The Maritime Silk Road was formed during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The South China Sea route from China to the west is the main line of the Maritime Silk Road. At the same time, there is the East China Sea route from China to the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese islands, which plays a secondary role in the maritime Silk Road. As for the South China Sea route of the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty, the Book of Han · Geography records the voyage of the envoys sent by Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty and enlisted merchants. It says that they set sail from Rinan (today's central Vietnam) or Xuwen (today's Guangdong) and Hepu (today's Guangxi) along the east coast of Indochina Peninsula and arrived at Duyuan (today's Dishi in southern Vietnam) in the Mekong Delta after five months. After a four-month voyage north along the west coast of Indochina Peninsula, we arrived at Yilu (today's Buddhist Series in Thailand) at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River. From then on, the south along the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, after more than 20 days arrived in Cham (now Thailand's Bashu), here abandoned ship landing, cross the isthmus, walk more than 10 days, arrived in the capital of Lu (now Burma's Danna Sarin). Then he boarded the ship and sailed west to the Indian Ocean, where he reached the Yellow Branch (now Conchpuram on the southeast coast of India) in more than two months. On his way home, he sailed south from the Yellow Branch to the Kingdom of Bucheng (present day Sri Lanka) and then sailed directly east. After eight months, he arrived at the Strait of Malacca and landed at Piczon (present day Piczon Island, west of Singapore). Finally, he sailed for more than two months from Piczon to Xianglin County, Rinan County (present day Chah Sagewheat, south of Vichuan County, Vietnam).