China Beijing Silk Road Enterprise Management Services Co.,LTD Company News

A Landscape Map of the Silk Road, painted in the Jiajing Year of the middle Ming Dynasty, clearly indicates the names of more than 200 places along the Silk Road. It is completed in the form of landscape painting, and also reproduces the magnificent manner of cities, mountains and rivers along the road with exquisite painting. "The Silk Road Landscape Map" is very elegant, appropriate, probably the original name of the Ming Dynasty. The road from Jiayuguan to Kuyu City was the route of the Silk Road in the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty Maritime Silk Road was mainly composed of three main ports, Guangzhou, Quanzhou and Ningbo, and other branch ports. On April 20, 2017, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage officially designated Guangzhou as the leading city for the application of the Ming Maritime Silk Road as a world Heritage site. It will work with Nanjing, Ningbo, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Beihai, Fuzhou, Zhangzhou, Putian, Lishui and other cities for the protection and application of the Maritime Silk Road.

During the Yuan Dynasty, the unblocked Silk Road witnessed the prosperity of economic exchange of various levels on the Eurasian continent. As a hub of international trade between the East and the West, or a region closely linked with international trade, a batch of trading centers featuring ethnical commodity markets and supplies distributing centers was formed and expanded. Almost all Chinese and foreign historical records of Yuan Dynasty describe the undisputed position of Yuan Dadu as the international trade center of the East. Here "merchants from all countries converge and department stores converge". The Travels of Marco Polo once introduced the prosperity of international trade in Yuan Dadu in a chapter: "All the rarest and most precious things in the world can be found in this city... There's more stuff for sale here than anywhere else." Another important Silk Road town in Yuan China was Kehuhar (Kashgar), where textiles were "sold by domestic merchants all over the world". Suzhou in Hexi Corridor, near here "a kind of rhubarb of very good quality from the mountains. Merchants from other parts of the world come here and sell their products all over the world." In addition, don't lose eight Li, fire state and so on.

According to historical records, at that time, on the long East-West overland trade routes engaged in caravan trafficking trade, there were European merchants, merchants in West Asia, Central Asia and Chinese merchants. European and Central and West Asian merchants generally carried a large amount of gold and silver, jewelry, medicines, exotic birds and beasts, spices, bamboo cloth and other commodities to China or sold along the way. What they bought were mainly Chinese goods such as satin pieces, embroidered colors, gold brocade, silk, tea, porcelain, medicinal materials and so on. The large number of foreign merchants and caravans who came to China in the Yuan Dynasty has been confirmed in foreign historical materials. In the Travels of Marco Polo, it is written at several points that "countless merchants" and "a large number of merchants" came and went from the outer city of Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty. "There were many hotels and large inns for camel caravans... Passengers of different races are put up in designated hotels separated from each other. Both for different races, no doubt for foreign merchants. The Trade Guide also states that "... Hanbali is the capital city with the most commerce. Merchants from all over the world converge here and department stores converge here ".

Nestorianism (Eastern Orthodox religion) was introduced to China from the Eastern Roman Empire in the early Tang Dynasty. The Chinese Tablet of Nestorianism in Daqin Dynasty preserved in the Forest of Steles in Xi 'an is the physical witness of this historical fact. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, Manichaeism (also known as Zoroastism or Zoroastism) was introduced from Persia. After being Sinicized, it was called "enlightened religion", which was deeply believed by many working people. Leaders of many peasant uprisings after Tang and Song Dynasties used its teachings to organize poor peasants to fight against feudal rulers. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the Chinese paper-making technique was also introduced into the Great Food Empire, and soon it was introduced into European countries. In the Tang Dynasty, the East and the West introduced and transplanted a lot of things, medicine, dance, martial arts and some famous animals and plants, so that both sides increased a lot of vision. In the Han Dynasty, Western imports were labeled with Hu characters, such as Hu qin, Hu melon, carrot, etc. In the Tang Dynasty, it was customary to title their names with sea characters, such as begonia, sea stone pomegranate, sea pearl (Persian Gulf pearl), etc. According to the Code of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty had exchanges with ambassadors from more than 300 countries and regions. Every year, tens of thousands of foreign guests came to Chang 'an, the world's largest metropolis, via the Silk Road, and thousands settled in Guangzhou alone.

The smooth and prosperous Silk Road in the Tang Dynasty also further promoted the ideological and cultural exchanges between the East and the West, which had a lot of positive and far-reaching influence on the development of mutual social and national ideologies in the future. Such ideological and cultural exchanges were closely related to religion. After Buddhism was introduced into China during the reign of Emperor Ai in the Western Han Dynasty, it became widespread in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and reached its peak in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, the eminent monk Xuanzang went to India via the Silk Road through Central Asia to learn scriptures and give lectures. It took sixteen years to write the book "The Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty", which recorded the politics, society and local customs of various countries in India at that time. It is still the most important data for Indian scholars to study the medieval history of India. He brought back 657 Buddhist classics, and Tang Emperor Zong Zong built the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Chang 'an so that he could store and translate sutras. Later, the eminent monk Yijing went to India from the sea and took another 16 years to retrieve 400 Buddhist sutras. He wrote the Biography of the South China Sea and the Biography of the Eminent Monk in the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty, introducing to China the culture and living conditions of South Asian countries at that time.

Li Shimin, the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Taizong, defeated the Eastern Turks and conquered the northern and southern deserts. Li Zhi, Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, destroyed the Western Tujue and set up the Anxi and Beiting prefectures. The Tang Empire stretched from the coast of Korea in the east to the Water of Dachang (Amu Darya River) in the west. It was the world's most developed and powerful country at that time, with its economic and cultural development ranking among the top in the world. Through the Silk Road, the Great Food Empire served as a bridge between the East and the West, and both official and civilian exchanges were conducted in a comprehensive and friendly way. In the eastern section of the Silk Road, north and south of the desert and countries in the Western regions, built many branch lines to connect the Silk Road, also known as "Shentianke Khan Road (Day Khan refers to Tang Taizong)". Great Food, the Eastern Roman Empire also sent envoys to Chang 'an to communicate with China. Dunhuang, Yangguan and Yumen became the "city on land" at that time. On the sea route, Chinese ships could also sail to Linyi (present-day southern Vietnam), Zhenla (Cambodia), Ha Ling (present-day Java), Husan (present-day Burma), and through Tianzhu (present-day India) to Dashao, making relations with European countries. At that time, Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Liujiagang (near Wusongkou of Shanghai today) and other places became the most famous foreign ports. Historical records show that there were barging docks such as Nanhai Ship, Kunlun Ship, Lion Ship, Brahmin Ship, Western Ships and Persian ships in Guangzhou. Western countries through the land through Central Asia, the Western Regions, along the camel caravans constantly; By sea, most of the big food capital Baghdad out of the Persian Gulf, almost daily ships across the ocean to the East.

During the period of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Silk Road developed continuously, including the Northwest Silk Road (also called the Oasis Silk Road or the Desert Silk Road), the Southwest Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road. It was characterized by the transitional period from the Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the further development of the Maritime Silk Road, and the frequent exchanges between the northern and southern regimes and the Western regions [27]. In the first year of Tai 'an (455) of Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei, after a long break in direct contacts, Persia established direct contact with the Northern Wei Dynasty, which unified northern China. From this time until the third year of Zhengguang (522), the Book of Wei records ten Persian missions, the first five supposedly to Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi), the capital of the Northern Wei, and the last five to Luoyang after the capital was moved in 493, bringing glass craft to China. [28] In the first year of the Divine Turtle (518), Song Yun and Bhikkhu Huisheng set out from Luoyang on a mission to the Western Regions along the Silk Road to worship Buddhist sutras. In the Third year of Zheng Guang (522), Song Yun and Huisheng returned to Luoyang from India and brought back 170 Mahayana Classics, which enriched the Buddhist culture of China. Persian emissaries also followed the Silk Road further into the southern Dynasties. Middle Datong two years (530), Persia sent an envoy to offer the tooth relic. In August of the fifth year (533), he dispatched an envoy and offered his goods. In April of the first year of Datong (535), another offering was made. The passage of Persia led to the Southern Dynasty, which went from the Western Regions to Yizhou (Sichuan), then down the Yangtze River to Jiankang (today's Nanjing).

At 20:18 Beijing time on November 29, 2022, the launching ceremony of the astronaut crew of Shenzhou 15 manned flight mission was held at Qentange Dream Garden Square of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. At 20:19, Xu Xueqiang, chief commander of China's manned space program and chief commander of the space station phase flight mission command, issued an order, Fei Junlong, Deng Qingming, Zhang Lu 3 astronauts led the order to go out. [8-9] The launch of the Shenzhou XV manned spacecraft was a complete success The launch of Shenzhou XV manned spacecraft is a complete success (3 photos) At 23:08 Beijing time on November 29, 2022, the Long March-2F carrier rocket carrying the Shenzhou-15 manned spacecraft was fired and launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The Shenzhou-15 manned spacecraft separated from the rocket successfully and entered the preset orbit. The flight crew was in good condition and the launch was a complete success. At 5:42 PM on November 30, 2022 Beijing time, the Shenzhou 15 manned spacecraft will dock with the space station assembly in accordance with the scheduled procedures. The docking process will take about 6.5 hours.

After Zhang Qian's return, Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty sent an emissant to explore a communication route through Rome to Bactria without going through Xiongnu, but without success. Later, the Han army defeated the Xiongnu and gained the Hexi Corridor, opening up the channel between the Western Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. After Huo Qubing defeated Xiongnu in the Qilian Mountains, Zhang Qian suggested contacting Wusun, a powerful country in the Western Regions, to break the right arm of Xiongnu. In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (119 BC), Zhang Qian again went on a mission to the Western Regions, with the purpose of attracting Wusun back to Hexi and communicating with other countries in the Western Regions. Zhang qian to the sun, failed to reach the purpose, in yuan ding two years (before 115) returned to chang 'an, an angel with black sun was Zhang Qianpa to agreement of the other countries also returned home. Wu sun angel to see the big fellow man and all the rich thick, back home after return to black sun gradually close contacts with the big fellow, and after several years, summer Zhang Qiantong make, from then on, the western han dynasty and northwestern states began to frequent contacts, zhangqian forced the western regions, the silk road, the official opening, the emperor in the military for its bo hou. In the sixteenth year of Yongping (73), Ban Chao accompanied the General Dou Gu to attack the Northern Xiongnu and was ordered to go to the Western Regions. He led 36 officials to Shanshan and conquered it with the determination of "nothing ventured, nothing gained". He then persuaded Khotan to join the central government. Ban Chao re-opened the Silk Road, which had been isolated for 58 years, and helped the countries in the Western regions get rid of the control of Xiongnu. He was appointed as the capital protector of the Western Regions in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Ban Chao operated in the Western Regions for 30 years, strengthening the ties between the Western Regions and the mainland. In the third year of Yongyuan (91), the northern provinces of Qiuci, Gumo and Wenshu were all annexed to the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Ban Chao set up the Western Regions garrison in Qiuci and took the seat of the Northern Province himself. And ordered the long history of the West Region Xu Qian Tun Shule, echoing the north road.

At the end of the 19th century, German geogeographer Richthofen named "the Western Regions transportation road between China and Central Asia and between China and India from 114 BC to 127 AD with silk trade as the medium" in his book China. This term was soon accepted by the academic community and the public, and was formally applied. Later, German historian Holman published the Ancient Silk Road between China and Syria in the early 20th century, according to the newly discovered archaeological data, further extended the Silk Road to the west coast of the Mediterranean Sea and Asia Minor, determined the basic connotation of the Silk Road, That is to say, it is the ancient Chinese through Central Asia to South Asia, West Asia and Europe, North Africa land trade communication channel. The traditional Silk Road stretches 6,440 kilometers from the ancient Chinese capital Chang 'an to the Mediterranean Sea through Central Asian countries, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Syria, and ends in Rome. The road is believed to have been the intersection of ancient Eastern and Western civilizations that connected the Eurasian continent, and silk is the most representative cargo. For thousands of years, nomads or tribes, traders, churchmen, diplomats, soldiers and academic explorers moved along the Silk Road.